Preventing falls at home

Falls are a common cause of injury among older adults, and they’re more serious than many realize. In the United States, nearly one in four adults aged 65 and older reports falling each year, amounting to about 14 million people. Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in this age group. For individuals with dementia, the risk of falling is significantly higher due to factors like memory loss, impaired judgment, and changes in balance.

Falls can lead to fractured bones, head injuries, and ultimately, loss of independence. Many older individuals also develop a ‘fear of falling’ in response to a tumble, near miss, or the experience of a loved one. This can be debilitating and lessen quality of life; immobility leads to loss of muscle mass which can actually increase the risk of a fall.

The good news is that with the help of family, friends, or caregivers, adjustments can be made in the home to prevent falls. Just a few practical changes may decrease the likelihood of a fall and help elders, even those with dementia, sustain aspects of their independence.

Tis the season

For people living in the colder states, winter weather brings new challenges around falling. Ice, snow, and wet floors are all hazardous. It is important that outdoor walkways are kept clear of slippery ice. Salt or sand should be on hand, near doorways, and used in good amounts to melt ice. Neighbors may be able to help with this task as well as with chores such as putting out bins, getting mail, or walking pets when there is freezing precipitation. In the home, absorbent mats near entryways can prevent water from creating slippery spots. Wearing shoes with good traction that are wiped dry or removed prior to entering the home can also reduce fall risks from slipping.

Fitting footwear

Footwear actually plays a big role in physical stability. Shoes should be well-fitting with non-slip soles and good arch support. Slip on shoes without backs can be trip hazards, as can untied laces. For older adults that struggle to bend, shoes without laces may be a smarter choice. Family members or loved ones should note when footwear seems to be ill-fitting or in need of replacement.

Clear the clutter

Loose items on the floor – pet toys, shoes, power cords – are easy to trip over. Caregivers can help keep walkways clear by doing quick sweeps at each visit. In addition, it can be helpful to ensure that frequently used items such as remote controls are always placed in the same spot (and one that is easy to reach). Small mats or rugs that lack proper grip backing should be removed if they easily move out of place and create trip hazards.

Light the lights

Poor lighting can make it hard to see obstacles. Hallways, staircases, and bathrooms should be well-lit, especially at night. Motion-sensor night lights can helpful since they turn on automatically. There are also ‘smart’ devices that can control lighting remotely, as well as timers to turn lights are on as it gets dark outside.

Hydrate with H20

Dehydration can lead to dizziness which is another factor that increases fall risk. While everyone should aim to drink a few cups of water a day, this is especially true for older adults. Some medications can make dehydration worse so if a loved one is experiencing dizzy spells, a healthcare provider should be consulted to discuss what an underlying cause may be.

Sound the alarms

Despite taking special care to prevent falls, they do happen. If a fall leads to serious injury and no one else is home, it can be a life-threatening situation for an older person. Though it may be a difficult conversation to have, for an older adult that is at risk for falling, it may be wise to invest in a personal call button that can be activated to contact a loved one, neighbor, or emergency services. While mobile phones can be used for these purposes, not everyone has their phone on them at all times. After a fall, a person may be disoriented or land too far from where their phone is.

Taking these steps can make a big difference in preventing falls and maintaining independence at home. Anyone concerned about the risk of falling should speak with their healthcare provider who may be able to provide additional support and advice